What is the purpose of GTP hydrolysis in vesicle trafficking?

GTP hydrolysis plays a crucial role in vesicle trafficking by providing the energy needed for both vesicle movement along the cytoskeletal tracks and for membrane fusion processes involved in transport between organelles. In vesicle trafficking, proteins known as GTPases act as molecular switches that are activated by binding GTP. Once the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP, this change in the protein's conformation effectively drives various stages of the transport process.

For instance, during the process of vesicle budding and subsequent docking to target membranes, GTP hydrolysis leads to significant structural changes necessary for merging the vesicular and target membranes. This action is essential for ensuring that the correct cargo is delivered to its intended destination within the cell. Thus, GTP hydrolysis is pivotal for both the motility of the vesicles along the cytoskeleton and the fusion of membranes, ensuring efficient cellular communication and distribution of materials.